Processors based on the Zen microarchitecture support IOPORT based deeper C-states. The idle driver reads the acpi_gbl_FADT.xpm_timer_block.address in the IOPORT based C-state exit path which is claimed to be a "Dummy wait op" and has been around since ACPI introduction to Linux dating back to Andy Grover's Mar 14, 2002 posting [1]. The comment above the dummy operation was elaborated by Andreas Mohr back in 2006 in commit b488f02156d3d ("ACPI: restore comment justifying 'extra' P_LVLx access") [2] where the commit log claims: "this dummy read was about: STPCLK# doesn't get asserted in time on (some) chipsets, which is why we need to have a dummy I/O read to delay further instruction processing until the CPU is fully stopped." However, sampling certain workloads with IBS on AMD Zen3 system shows that a significant amount of time is spent in the dummy op, which incorrectly gets accounted as C-State residency. A large C-State residency value can prime the cpuidle governor to recommend a deeper C-State during the subsequent idle instances, starting a vicious cycle, leading to performance degradation on workloads that rapidly switch between busy and idle phases. One such workload is tbench where a massive performance degradation can be observed during certain runs. Following are some statistics gathered by running tbench with 128 clients, on a dual socket (2 x 64C/128T) Zen3 system with the baseline kernel, baseline kernel keeping C2 disabled, and baseline kernel with this patch applied keeping C2 enabled: baseline kernel was tip:sched/core at commit f3dd3f674555 ("sched: Remove the limitation of WF_ON_CPU on wakelist if wakee cpu is idle") Kernel : baseline baseline + C2 disabled baseline + patch Min (MB/s) : 2215.06 33072.10 (+1393.05%) 33016.10 (+1390.52%) Max (MB/s) : 32938.80 34399.10 34774.50 Median (MB/s) : 32191.80 33476.60 33805.70 AMean (MB/s) : 22448.55 33649.27 (+49.89%) 33865.43 (+50.85%) AMean Stddev : 17526.70 680.14 880.72 AMean CoefVar : 78.07% 2.02% 2.60% The data shows there are edge cases that can cause massive regressions in case of tbench. Profiling the bad runs with IBS shows a significant amount of time being spent in acpi_idle_do_entry method: Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol 74.76% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] acpi_idle_do_entry 0.71% tbench [kernel.kallsyms] [k] update_sd_lb_stats.constprop.0 0.69% tbench_srv [kernel.kallsyms] [k] update_sd_lb_stats.constprop.0 0.49% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] psi_group_change ... Annotation of acpi_idle_do_entry method reveals almost all the time in acpi_idle_do_entry is spent on the port I/O in wait_for_freeze(): 0.14 │ in (%dx),%al # <------ First "in" corresponding to inb(cx->address) 0.51 │ mov 0x144d64d(%rip),%rax 0.00 │ test $0x80000000,%eax │ ↓ jne 62 # <------ Skip if running in guest 0.00 │ mov 0x19800c3(%rip),%rdx 99.33 │ in (%dx),%eax # <------ Second "in" corresponding to inl(acpi_gbl_FADT.xpm_timer_block.address) 0.00 │62: mov -0x8(%rbp),%r12 0.00 │ leave 0.00 │ ← ret This overhead is reflected in the C2 residency on the test system where C2 is an IOPORT based C-State. The total C-state residency reported by "cpupower idle-info" on CPU0 for good and bad case over the 80s tbench run is as follows (all numbers are in microseconds): Good Run Bad Run (Baseline) POLL: 43338 6231 (-85.62%) C1 (MWAIT Based): 23576156 363861 (-98.45%) C2 (IOPORT Based): 10781218 77027280 (+614.45%) The larger residency value in bad case leads to the system recommending C2 state again for subsequent idle instances. The pattern lasts till the end of the tbench run. Following is the breakdown of "entry_method" passed to acpi_idle_do_entry during good run and bad run: Good Run Bad Run (Baseline) Number of times acpi_idle_do_entry was called: 6149573 6149050 (-0.01%) |-> Number of times entry_method was "ACPI_CSTATE_FFH": 6141494 88144 (-98.56%) |-> Number of times entry_method was "ACPI_CSTATE_HALT": 0 0 (+0.00%) |-> Number of times entry_method was "ACPI_CSTATE_SYSTEMIO": 8079 6060906 (+74920.49%) For processors based on the Zen microarchitecture, this dummy wait op is unnecessary and can be skipped when choosing IOPORT based C-States to avoid polluting the C-state residency information. Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mpe/linux-fullhistory.git/commit/?id=972c16130d9dc182cedcdd408408d9eacc7d6a2d [1] Link: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=b488f02156d3deb08f5ad7816d565c370a8cc6f1 [2] Suggested-by: Calvin Ong Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Cc: regressions@lists.linux.dev Signed-off-by: K Prateek Nayak --- drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c | 7 +++++-- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c b/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c index 16a1663d02d4..18850aa2b79b 100644 --- a/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c +++ b/drivers/acpi/processor_idle.c @@ -527,9 +527,11 @@ static void wait_for_freeze(void) { #ifdef CONFIG_X86 - /* No delay is needed if we are in guest */ - if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR)) - return; + /* + * No delay is needed if we are in guest or on a processor + * based on the Zen microarchitecture. + */ + if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_HYPERVISOR) || boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ZEN)) /* * Modern (>=Nehalem) Intel systems use ACPI via intel_idle, * not this code. Assume that any Intel systems using this -- 2.25.1