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If I try compiling this in a chroot, I consistently get the same error as Wild_Penguin, and just rerunning the command has no effect. I was able to get it to compile outside of a chroot by running makepkg twice in a row, only it was libapngasm.so that it couldn't find the first time around. I don't understand what's wrong, either.

.... and right after posting it doesn't fail!

Just a guess: maybe this is some kind of build bug which happens because it tries to link the executable before the library has been linked? Something hardcoded in the Makefile which should not be hardcoded?

Just sometimes linking the library is faster than linking the executable, which means it will not always fail. But because only linking the executable has failed, on subsequent runs the library is there -> it succeeds.

I should probably mention I now next to nothing on the internals of Makefiles.

This always fails on the first try of building:

$ LANG=C makepkg
==> Making package: apngasm 3.1.10-1 (Mon Dec 19 23:55:44 2022)
==> Checking runtime dependencies...
==> Checking buildtime dependencies...
==> Retrieving sources...
  -> Cloning apngasm git repo...
Cloning into bare repository '/home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/apngasm'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 2671, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (333/333), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (132/132), done.
remote: Total 2671 (delta 191), reused 283 (delta 168), pack-reused 2338
Receiving objects: 100% (2671/2671), 1.07 MiB | 1.43 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1569/1569), done.
==> Validating source files with sha512sums...
    apngasm ... Skipped
==> Extracting sources...
  -> Creating working copy of apngasm git repo...
Cloning into 'apngasm'...
done.
Switched to a new branch 'makepkg'
==> Starting build()...
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 12.2.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ - skipped
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Found ZLIB: /usr/lib/libz.so (found version "1.2.13") 
-- Found PNG: /usr/lib/libpng.so (found version "1.6.39") 
1.6.39
-- Found Boost: /usr/lib/cmake/Boost-1.80.0/BoostConfig.cmake (found version "1.80.0") found components: program_options regex system 
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/src/apngasm/build
[ 10%] Building CXX object cli/CMakeFiles/apngasm-cli.dir/src/options.cpp.o
[ 10%] Building CXX object cli/CMakeFiles/apngasm-cli.dir/src/apngasm-cli.cpp.o
[ 15%] Building CXX object cli/CMakeFiles/apngasm-cli.dir/src/cli.cpp.o
[ 20%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/apngasm.cpp.o
[ 25%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/apngasm.cpp.o
[ 35%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/apngframe.cpp.o
[ 35%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/apngframe.cpp.o
[ 40%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/spec/specwriter.cpp.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/spec/specreader.cpp.o
[ 50%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/spec/priv/specreaderimpl.cpp.o
[ 60%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/spec/priv/specwriterimpl.cpp.o
[ 60%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/spec/priv/specreaderimpl.cpp.o
[ 70%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-dynamic.dir/src/listener/apngasmlistener.cpp.o
[ 70%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/spec/specreader.cpp.o
[ 75%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/spec/specwriter.cpp.o
[ 85%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/spec/priv/specwriterimpl.cpp.o
[ 85%] Building CXX object lib/CMakeFiles/apngasm-static.dir/src/listener/apngasmlistener.cpp.o
[ 90%] Linking CXX executable apngasm
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lapngasm: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[2]: *** [cli/CMakeFiles/apngasm-cli.dir/build.make:132: cli/apngasm] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:244: cli/CMakeFiles/apngasm-cli.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
[ 95%] Linking CXX static library libapngasm.a
[100%] Linking CXX shared library libapngasm.so
[100%] Built target apngasm-static
[100%] Built target apngasm-dynamic
make: *** [Makefile:136: all] Error 2
==> ERROR: A failure occurred in build().
    Aborting...

However, re-running makepkg right after succeeds:

$ LANG=C makepkg
==> Making package: apngasm 3.1.10-1 (Mon Dec 19 23:56:02 2022)
==> Checking runtime dependencies...
==> Checking buildtime dependencies...
==> Retrieving sources...
  -> Updating apngasm git repo...
==> Validating source files with sha512sums...
    apngasm ... Skipped
==> Extracting sources...
  -> Creating working copy of apngasm git repo...
Reset branch 'makepkg'
==> Removing existing $pkgdir/ directory...
==> Starting build()...
1.6.39
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/src/apngasm/build
[  5%] Linking CXX executable apngasm
[ 75%] Built target apngasm-dynamic
[ 85%] Built target apngasm-static
[100%] Built target apngasm-cli
==> Entering fakeroot environment...
==> Starting package()...
[ 20%] Built target apngasm-cli
[ 60%] Built target apngasm-dynamic
[100%] Built target apngasm-static
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/include/apngasm.h
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/include/apngframe.h
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/include/apngasm-conf.h
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/include/apngasm-version.h
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/lib/libapngasm.so
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/lib/libapngasm.a
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/lib/pkgconfig/libapngasm.pc
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/bin/apngasm
-- Set runtime path of "/home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/bin/apngasm" to ""
-- Installing: /home/ville/AUR/apngasm/en/pkg/apngasm/usr/man/man1/apngasm.1
==> Tidying install...
  -> Removing libtool files...
  -> Purging unwanted files...
  -> Removing static library files...
  -> Stripping unneeded symbols from binaries and libraries...
  -> Compressing man and info pages...
==> Checking for packaging issues...
==> Creating package "apngasm"...
  -> Generating .PKGINFO file...
  -> Generating .BUILDINFO file...
  -> Generating .MTREE file...
  -> Compressing package...
==> Leaving fakeroot environment.
==> Finished making: apngasm 3.1.10-1 (Mon Dec 19 23:56:04 2022)

And it looks like the package is build correctly and works.

Possibly something fishy in the Makefile. Don't have time to investigate myself right now why it fails.

I do not. Please file a bug report or elaborate.

I'm having the same issue as @lubosz

Builds fine here.

Build fails with:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lapngasm: No such file or directory

Latest version of boost-libs is 1.75.0-1. Compiling against apngasm yields these link errors:

/usr/bin/ld: warning: libboost_regex.so.1.72.0, needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libboost_filesystem.so.1.72.0, needed by /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::put_mem_block(void*)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::filesystem::absolute(boost::filesystem::path const&, boost::filesystem::path const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::get_mem_block()'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::cpp_regex_traits_implementation<char>::transform[abi:cxx11](char const*, char const*) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::cpp_regex_traits_implementation<char>::transform_primary[abi:cxx11](char const*, char const*) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::verify_options(unsigned int, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::get_default_error_string(boost::regex_constants::error_type)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::perl_matcher<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<boost::sub_match<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char const*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > >::construct_init(boost::basic_regex<char, boost::regex_traits<char, boost::cpp_regex_traits<char> > > const&, boost::regex_constants::_match_flags)'
/usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/10.2.0/../../../../lib/libapngasm.so: undefined reference to `boost::re_detail_107200::raise_runtime_error(std::runtime_error const&)'